Final answer:
The autonomic nervous system includes both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which control 'fight or flight' responses and 'rest and digest' activities, respectively. The correct answer to the question is D) B and C.
Step-by-step explanation:
The autonomic nervous system is a part of the peripheral nervous system that controls the involuntary actions of the viscera, or internal organs, such as the heart, digestive system, and glands. It is composed of two main pathways: the sympathetic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system. The sympathetic nervous system is often described as the 'fight or flight' system, which prepares the body for action in stressful situations by speeding up the heart rate, increasing blood flow to muscles, and more. In contrast, the parasympathetic nervous system promotes 'rest and digest' activities that occur when the body is at rest, such as digesting food and slowing the heart rate.
With the given options, the pathways that compose the autonomic nervous system are the sympathetic nervous system (option B) and the parasympathetic nervous system (option C). Therefore, the correct answer to the question 'Which pathway(s) compose the autonomic nervous system?' is D) B and C.