Final answer:
The correct term for magma that reaches Earth's surface and flows from volcanoes is lava. This occurs when magma from below the Earth's crust is expelled through volcanoes or fissures, cooling to form volcanic igneous rock.
Step-by-step explanation:
The word from the list that best fits the definition 'Magma that reaches Earth’s surface and flows from volcanoes' is lava. When magma reaches the surface through cracks or volcanic eruptions, it is then referred to as lava.
The cooling of this material forms extrusive, or volcanic, igneous rock which is commonly found around the areas where these volcanic activities occur. Different processes such as decompression melting, flux melting (volatiles), and addition of heat can lead to the formation of magma deep within the mantle, and under certain conditions magma makes its way to the Earth's surface as lava.