Final answer:
Marginalization addresses the limited access of certain groups to societal resources like the labor market due to intersecting forms of discrimination, as explained by the concept of intersectionality.
Step-by-step explanation:
The concept of intersectionality specifically addresses the idea that multiple aspects of identity, such as race, gender, sexuality, and class, interact to define or influence an individual’s experiences, including their access to societal facets like the labor market. The correct answer to the student's question is D) Marginalization, which refers to the process by which certain groups are relegated to the fringes of society and denied access to resources and opportunities, including jobs. This phenomenon is a result of interlocking systems of power that stem from both historical and contemporary forms of discrimination and oppression. Discrimination on the basis of such intersecting identities is a demonstration of marginalization within society.
For instance, the combined effects of racism and sexism may significantly impact the employment opportunities available to Black women, beyond the discrimination faced because of just their race or gender alone. This intersectional approach was highlighted by Kimberlé Crenshaw and developed further by Patricia Hill Collins, who argue that to effectively challenge inequalities and advocate for social justice, one must consider the interconnected and compound nature of discrimination.