Final answer:
In statistics, statistical inference or hypothesis testing is a process by which we use sample data to make inferences or draw conclusions about an unknown population.
Step-by-step explanation:
In statistics, statistical inference or hypothesis testing is a process by which we use sample data to make inferences or draw conclusions about an unknown population.
A hypothesis test involves collecting data from a sample, evaluating the data, and making a decision as to whether there is sufficient evidence to reject the null hypothesis, which assumes that there is no significant difference or relationship in the population.
For example, if we want to test if a new drug is effective, we would gather data from a sample of patients, analyze the data using statistical techniques, and make a conclusion about the drug's effectiveness based on the results.