Final answer:
The arteries that supply blood to the face and scalp are the external carotid arteries. They give rise to branches that include the lingual, facial, occipital, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries.
Step-by-step explanation:
The arteries that supply blood to the face and scalp are the external carotid arteries. The external carotid artery, which is one of the two main divisions of the common carotid artery, gives rise to several branches that provide oxygenated blood to various parts of the face and scalp. These branches include the lingual, facial, occipital, maxillary, and superficial temporal arteries, each catering to specific regions within the head and neck area. In contrast, the internal carotid arteries primarily enter the cranium to supply the brain.
They traverse the carotid canal and give rise to branches like the anterior cerebral artery, the middle cerebral artery, and the ophthalmic artery, which supply the frontal lobe, the temporal and parietal lobes, and the eyes, respectively. The vertebral arteries also contribute to brain circulation but are not involved in supplying the face and scalp. The cerebrals, more specifically the cerebral arteries, are branches that arise within the brain from the circle of Willis, formed from the internal carotid and basilar arteries, but they do not supply the face and scalp either.