Question

What are the 3 levels at which any machine carrying out an information-processing task must undergo?

A) Input, processing, output
B) Encoding, storage, retrieval
C) Sensory, integration, motor
D) Perception, cognition, action

Answer 1

The three levels of information processing in the human brain are encoding, storage, and retrieval, which are crucial for creating and recalling memories. Encoding involves converting sensory input into a form that can be processed, storage pertains to retaining this information, and retrieval allows for accessing and utilizing the stored information.

Step-by-step explanation:

The three levels at which any machine, or in this case the human brain, carrying out an information-processing task must undergo are encoding, storage, and retrieval. These are akin to how computers process information.

Encoding is the initial stage where information is received and converted into a form that can be processed and stored. This can happen through automatic or effortful processing, where the brain labels or codes the sensory input from the environment, organizing it in ways that make sense with existing knowledge.

The storage phase involves retaining the encoded information. This is usually classified into three stages: Sensory Memory, Short-Term Memory, and Long-Term Memory, as per the model proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968.

Retrieval is the final stage and involves accessing the stored information and bringing it back into awareness.

Answer 2

The three levels at which any machine carrying out an information-processing task must undergo are input, processing, and output. Input involves gathering data, processing involves manipulation and analysis, and output presents the results or takes actions based on the processed information. This fundamental model underlies the functioning of various systems, from simple devices to sophisticated artificial intelligence. So the correct option is (A).

Step-by-step explanation:

In any information-processing task, the three fundamental levels are input, processing, and output. These stages represent the sequential flow of operations involved in handling information.

Firstly, at the input stage, the system receives data or information from external sources. This can be through various means such as sensors, keyboards, or any other input devices.

Secondly, during the processing stage, the received information is manipulated, analyzed, or transformed in some way. This involves the application of algorithms, computations, or logical operations to extract meaningful insights or produce a desired output.

Lastly, at the output stage, the processed information is presented or delivered in a form that is understandable or usable. This could be in the form of displaying results on a screen, producing a printed document, or triggering some action.

In summary, the three levels—input, processing, and output—form a cohesive framework for understanding and executing information-processing tasks. Each level plays a crucial role in the overall functioning of a system, ensuring that data is efficiently received, processed, and translated into meaningful outcomes.