Final answer:
Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Le Brun and Adélaïde Labille-Guiard were exceptional female painters of the 18th century, with Vigée-Le Brun known for her royal portraits like 'Marie-Antoinette with the Rose' and Labille-Guiard for her advocacy in women's art education, as seen in 'Self Portrait with Two Pupils'. Sofonisba Anguissola was a Renaissance artist who painted family members and was appointed a court painter in Spain.
Step-by-step explanation:
Élisabeth Louise Vigée-Le Brun (1755-1842) was a notable 18th-century painter known for her extraordinary skill in portraiture. Her artistic journey included overcoming barriers, such as being initially denied access to the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture. However, with the support of Marie Antoinette, she became one of the few female members admitted to the academy. Vigée-Le Brun's work often depicted royalty, as seen in her painting 'Marie-Antoinette with the Rose', showcasing the queen's affinity for roses and her status through luxurious silk clothing.
Adélaïde Labille-Guiard (1749-1803), another prominent female artist of the time, separated from her husband to pursue her art career and exhibited talent in various mediums, including miniatures, pastels, and oils. Notably, she was admitted into the Academie Royale de Peinture et de Sculpture simultaneously with Vigée-Le Brun. Labille-Guiard's most important work, 'Self Portrait with Two Pupils', portrays her teaching role and skill with color and detail. Furthermore, she established a school for women artists, advocating for women's rights in the arts.
Lasty, Sofonisba Anguissola was a Renaissance painter who, due to gender restrictions, often painted her family, as in 'The Chess Game'. Her technical proficiency and ability to capture elegance and detail in her subjects gained her entry into the Spanish Court as a painter. The presence and portrayal of these female artists mark a significant contribution to the art and culture of their respective eras.