Final answer:
Henry Fuseli's 'The Nightmare' epitomizes the Romantic movement, contrasting Neoclassicism and evoking intense emotions through supernatural themes. Romanticism represents an escape from modernity and industrialism, focusing on individual imagination and nature's emotive power.
Step-by-step explanation:
Henry Fuseli, known for his dramatic and nightmarish imagery, created The Nightmare in 1781, which falls within the period of Romanticism. This movement was a reaction against the orderly principles of Neoclassicism, coinciding with the era's social changes such as the Industrial Revolution. Fuseli's work often contains supernatural elements, tapping into the fears and imaginations of the viewer. Notably, his works like The Nightmare capture the spirit of Romanticism by emphasizing emotion, individualism, and nature's power to evoke profound psychological reactions. Contrasted with Neoclassicism, which was influenced by the art of Ancient Greece and Rome, Romantic art was more personal and featured elements like the sublime—feelings of awe mixed with terror, as proposed by Edmund Burke—as well as the beauty of untamed nature.
Similarly, Francisco Goya's The Sleep of Reason Produces Monsters, created later in 1799, embodies the Romantic fascination with the dark side of the human subconscious. Both artists provoke an intense, emotional response through their portrayal of nightmares and the creatures that inhabit them.