Final answer:
Jacques-Louis David was an influential Neoclassical artist known for his painting 'Oath of the Horatii,' a symbol of sacrifice for the state over personal interests. Created in 1784 and exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1785, it marked a high point in Neoclassical painting and helped solidify David's role as a leader in the art and politics of his time.
Step-by-step explanation:
The subject in question, Jacques-Louis David, is a seminal figure in art history, known for his painting 'Oath of the Horatii' created in 1784. This work is a celebrated example of the Neoclassical style in painting, which was part of the larger Neoclassicism movement that emerged during the Age of Enlightenment. 'Oath of the Horatii' encapsulates the themes of self-sacrifice and loyalty to the state and was painted during David's five-year study in Rome, commissioned by King Louis XVI, and became an instant sensation when first exhibited at the Paris Salon of 1785.
The painting's depiction of the Horatii brothers taking an oath to defend Rome to death, even at the cost of family ties, became a powerful symbol of dedication to the state over personal feelings, aligning with the revolutionary spirit that was burgeoning in France at the time.
Jacques-Louis David's style emphasized clean lines, sculpted forms, and smooth polished surfaces, which were seen to endorse rational and moral values fitting for the turbulent times leading to the French Revolution. The storytelling approach in his works was straightforward, often with strong theatrical elements, as seen in the severe arches and the classical posture of the figures within 'Oath of the Horatii.' This dramatic representation became a hallmark of Neoclassical painting, with David being its most influential proponent, attracting over 300 students to his studio.
After the revolution and the rise of Napoleon Bonaparte, David's role as an artist evolved to supporting revolutionary ideals, painting many works that glorified the exploits of Napoleon and his empire, though maintaining the Neoclassical style he had perfected earlier in his career. His influence as both an artist and a political figure stretched well beyond the confines of the painting studio, vividly capturing the spirit of an era where art was intricately linked with politics and societal ideals.