Final answer:
The Persian civilization, led by Cyrus the Great, defeated all the other civilizations mentioned by conquering the Neo-Babylonian Empire and incorporating the Medes and the Lydians.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Persian civilization under King Cyrus II, also known as Cyrus the Great, defeated all the other civilizations mentioned in the question, becoming the preeminent force in the Near East. Cyrus II further extended his rule by conquering the Neo-Babylonian Empire in 539 BCE. As for specific battles against the other civilizations listed, Cyrus the Great defeated the Medes in 550 BCE, incorporating them into what became the vast Persian Empire, and later, he also defeated the Lydians when he invaded Anatolia in 546 BCE. This effectively underlines that the Persian civilization, particularly under the leadership of Cyrus II, defeated the other civilizations mentioned, including the Lydian, Chaldean (Neo-Babylonian Empire), and Median civilizations.