Final answer:
Ancient Eastern motifs are classified as geometric and floral patterns. These patterns were influenced by various ancient cultures and were prevalent in Ptolemaic and Roman Egypt, as well as early Islamic art, incorporating elements from Coptic, Sassanian, and Byzantine traditions.
Step-by-step explanation:
Ancient Eastern motifs are typically classified as geometric and floral patterns. These designs emerged from various ancient cultures and were popular throughout different periods. For example, from the third to the first century BCE, motifs in Ptolemaic and early Roman Egypt merged geometric, floral, and animal designs, reflecting Mediterranean influences.
In the context of early Islamic art and architecture, there was a similar predilection for geometric and vegetative motifs, which can be seen in buildings like Spain's Alhambra and in the detailed metalwork from Safavid Iran. These designs varied across the Muslim world despite sharing common themes such as mosques with minarets, mausolea, gardens, and madrasas.