Final answer:
Children have a higher heart rate when awake due to increased oxygen demands and a lower heart rate when sleeping. HR varies by age and is influenced by multiple factors including activity levels, hormones, and temperature.
Step-by-step explanation:
The heart rate (HR) of children when awake compared to when sleeping varies. Typically, HR is higher when awake and lower when sleeping. This is because the body's demand for oxygen-rich blood increases during wakefulness due to physical activity and decreases during rest. Factors like age also influence HR; for instance, a newborn's resting HR can be around 120 beats per minute (bpm), which gradually decreases into young adulthood and then can increase again with age. While the resting HR for an adult is usually between 60-100 bpm, it is not uncommon for trained athletes to have even lower HRs.
Additionally, it's important to note that a heart's maximum capacity to beat also changes with age. The estimated maximum HR for someone can be figured out by subtracting their age from 220 bpm. Moreover, there are various factors that can influence HR, including hormones, ion levels, body temperature, oxygen levels, and pH balance.