Final answer:
Hester Prynne spots c) Roger Chillingworth in the crowd, who disguises his identity after a long absence. Additionally, in historical context, Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were the individuals banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
Step-by-step explanation:
In Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter, Hester Prynne spots Roger Chillingworth in the crowd, noting that he has shoulders similar to her own, indicating this enigmatic figure as her long-absent husband. This occurs during the scene where Hester is on the scaffold and recognizes Chillingworth, who has changed greatly, by his physical gesture. Chillingworth, seeking to stay incognito, makes a gesture to Hester not to reveal his true identity.
Regarding the second question involving the Massachusetts Bay Colony, the correct answer is c) Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson were banished from the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Both individuals were expelled due to their religious views and teachings which were at odds with the colony's established norms.