Final answer:
Early civilizations arose as agriculture led to surplus food production, resulting in population growth, specialized roles, and interdependent trade. These advancements enabled the construction of large structures and complex social hierarchies in growing urban centres.
Step-by-step explanation:
Throughout history, human societies have evolved, leading to larger communities and the development of agriculture, which paved the way for the rise of civilizations. As early civilizations grew, people were able to produce surplus food, which drove population growth and enabled the development of specialized roles within society. Surplus food was distributed among urban populations, creating complex systems of trade and societal hierarchies. This system of specialization was a key feature of early civilizations, distinguishing them from hunter-gatherer societies. Artisans, farmers, traders, and religious leaders formed a network of interdependent roles, exchanging goods and services essential for their communities. The construction of magnificent structures, development of trade routes, and formation of complex social structures all resulted from this agricultural foundation.