Final answer:
Exporting is the most widespread approach to international involvement in China and India, as they have embraced economic liberalization and aim to participate in global markets.
Step-by-step explanation:
The most widespread approach to international involvement in China and India has varied over time. In more recent years, options such as joint ventures, wholly owned subsidiaries, exporting, and licensing have all been utilized. However, given the context provided and the significant changes within China and India's economies, widening market forces and economic liberalization, the most widespread approach seems to be exporting. Multinational corporations have constructed factories in coastal cities, taking advantage of the abundant and inexpensive human capital. These factories have often been geared towards creating goods for international export. Moreover, as both China and India have allowed greater freedom for market forces and have encouraged firms to participate in world markets, this points towards exporting as being the key strategy for international involvement in these countries.