Final answer:
The First Bank of the United States was founded in 1791 and the Second Bank of the United States was chartered by Congress in 1816.
Step-by-step explanation:
The First Bank of the United States was founded in 1791, after Congress established it as a key pillar of Alexander Hamilton's financial program. However, its twenty-year charter expired in 1811 and was not immediately renewed. In response to the economic challenges faced after the War of 1812 and in an effort to bring stability to the nation's banking system, Congress chartered the Second Bank of the United States in 1816, giving it a charter for a period of twenty-five years. The creation of this bank was driven by the recognition of the need for a strong national financial infrastructure to support economic development and curb inflation.