Final answer:
The solubility of solids and liquids generally increases with increasing temperature, while the solubility of gases decreases. Option b) is the correct answer.
Step-by-step explanation:
The effect of temperature on the solubility of solids, liquids, and gases varies depending on the substance. The solubility of most solid or liquid solutes increases with increasing temperature. However, for gases, the solubility decreases with increasing temperature. This is because adding heat to the solution provides thermal energy that overcomes the attractive forces between the gas and the solvent molecules.
For example, when a solvent with a gas dissolved in it is heated, the kinetic energy of both the solvent and solute increase. As the kinetic energy of the gaseous solute increases, its molecules have a greater tendency to escape the attraction of the solvent molecules and return to the gas phase, resulting in a decrease in solubility.
Therefore, option b) is the correct answer: It decreases the solubility of solids and liquids, and increases the solubility of gases.