Final answer:
The high mountain ranges in Greece fostered the development of independent city-states and influenced Greek expansion through the establishment of colonies, which led to cultural and economic exchanges across the Mediterranean.
Step-by-step explanation:
The high mountain ranges in Greece had a significant impact on the development of Greek communities. These geographical barriers contributed to the formation of independent city-states, each with its own government and customs. This fragmentation made unified rule difficult, resulting in a culture characterized by local governance and fierce independence. Yet, these mountains also protected the developing city-states from easy invasion, allowing distinct local cultures to flourish.
The mountainous landscape was challenging for agriculture, leading to the expansion of Greek influence through trade and the establishment of colonies as Greeks traveled to find arable land. This expansion facilitated various cultural exchanges, such as the adoption of foreign artistic influences, suggesting a connection with other parts of the ancient world. Greek colonies not only spread Hellenic culture but also encouraged economic and intellectual exchanges throughout the Mediterranean, including Africa, Italy, France, and parts of Asia Minor.