Final answer:
The Chinese religion that teaches about the material and spiritual realms with a goal to unite with the Supreme Ultimate is Daoism, which emphasizes living in harmony with the natural way of the universe.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Chinese religion that taught the world was divided into a material and a spiritual realm, with the ultimate goal of humans being to achieve unity with the Supreme Ultimate, refers to Daoism (also spelled Taoism). This belief system, originating in ancient China, emphasizes living in harmony with the 'Dao' or the natural way of the universe.
Daoism encourages individuals to seek inner peace and harmony, suggesting a spiritual path beyond the material world. It incorporates elements such as the concept of Yin and Yang to symbolize the interconnected nature of opposites within the universe. The aim is not merely to understand the world, but to live in accordance with its natural rhythms and thus move closer to the Dao, which can be seen as the Supreme Ultimate or the ultimate reality.