Final answer:
Alkaline waves are the type of perm that is processed without a heat source. They use ammonium thioglycolate as the reducing agent to break and reform disulfide bonds in the hair, giving it a curl or wave pattern.
Step-by-step explanation:
Out of the given options, the type of perm that is processed without a heat source is option B) alkaline waves. Alkaline waves use ammonium thioglycolate as the reducing agent, which breaks disulfide bonds in the hair and reforms them into a new shape, giving the hair a curl or wave pattern. This process does not require heat to activate the chemical reaction.