Final answer:
Mexico City is the capital that sinks every year due to land subsidence. Spain and Portugal played significant roles in establishing the first colonies in the Americas and initiating the era of Atlantic exploration, respectively. El Salvador experienced the rise of 'death squads' during its civil war in the 1980s.
Step-by-step explanation:
The capital of Mexico, Mexico City, is the city known for sinking every year. It is built on an ancient lake bed and the excessive withdrawal of groundwater has caused the city to sink at an alarming rate. This sinking, also known as land subsidence, is a significant problem for Mexico City's infrastructure and population.
Establishment of the First Colonies in the Americas
Spain established the first colonies in the Americas. Christopher Columbus, sailing for the Spanish crown, reached the New World in 1492, which led to Spain setting up the first European colonies in the Americas.
Atlantic Exploration Era
Portugal initiated the era of Atlantic exploration. Under the leadership of Prince Henry the Navigator, Portugal began exploring the West African coast, which was crucial in opening up the Atlantic Ocean for subsequent exploration and the establishment of trade routes.
Rise of 'Death Squads'
During the 1980s, El Salvador experienced the rise of 'death squads' amidst a bloody civil war. These were extrajudicial groups involved in a campaign of political repression, including killings and human rights abuses.