Final answer:
The famous calavera picture by José Guadalupe Posada is known as 'La Calavera Catrina'. It symbolizes equality in death and critiques social inequality, gaining popularity through Diego Rivera's murals.
Step-by-step explanation:
The famous calavera picture drawn by José Guadalupe Posada is known as 'La Calavera Catrina'. This image, created as a 1913 zinc etching, measures 34.5 x 23 cm and has become an iconic symbol for the Mexican Día de Muertos. José Guadalupe Posada, a notable figure in the Mexican graphic arts movement, used his artwork to critique social inequalities and the politics of his time, particularly during the rule of Porfirio Diaz and the early years of the Mexican Revolution. His Calaveras, or skeleton imagery, were a form of social and political sarcasm, aimed at illustrating that in death, everyone is equal.
Diego Rivera amplified the popularity of Posada's Catrina by incorporating it into his mural 'Dream of a Sunday Afternoon in Alameda Park', giving the skeletal figure a body and elegant attire. This act paid homage to Posada's work and further cemented La Catrina's status in Mexican culture. Today, La Calavera Catrina can be found in a variety of artistic expressions, continuing to serve as a reminder of Posada's message and the cultural heritage.