Final answer:
The Rhine River is the river that flows between the Black Forest and Vosges Mountains through the Rhine Graben, playing a crucial role in industrial activity and goods transportation in Europe. The correct option is B.
Step-by-step explanation:
The river that flows between the Black Forest and Vosges Mountains, through a graben named for it, is the Rhine River.
The graben referred to in the question is part of the European Cenozoic Rift System, commonly known as the Rhine Graben.
This geological depression is a significant feature of the area and is where the Rhine River flows notably through.
The Rhine River is a major pathway for industrial activity and transporting goods, especially in countries like Germany and along the Rhine- Main-Danube Canal.
It is also a vital trade route as it connects to Europe's busiest port in Rotterdam, Netherlands. The correct option is B.