Final answer:
BTU measures the energy required to raise the temperature of water by one degree Fahrenheit. Air conditioners' quality is based on the energy they transfer from a hot environment compared to required work output.
Step-by-step explanation:
The British Thermal Unit (BTU) is a measurement of energy and it is traditionally used to quantify the amount of energy required to raise the temperature of one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit. Therefore, in response to the question 'Is it hot in here? Measure what in BTUs?', the correct option is b) Energy. Air conditioners, for example, have their efficiency judged based on the amount of energy transferred by heat from a hot environment, compared with the required work output.
Regarding the quality by which air conditioners are judged, the correct choice is c) The amount of energy transferred by heat from a hot environment, compared with the required work output. This indicates the efficiency of an air conditioning unit where a higher ratio implies that the unit is more effective in converting input work into cooling energy.