Final answer:
The correct mnemonic describing the factors determining the effects of acceleration on the human body is GATE, representing Gravity, Acceleration, Time, and Energy.
Step-by-step explanation:
The mnemonic that describes the factors determining the effects of acceleration on the human body is B) GATE (Gravity, Acceleration, Time, Energy). When discussing the effects of acceleration, it is necessary to account for the different factors that play a role. Gravity directly relates to the force that acts upon a person, much like how the gravitational acceleration (9.80 m/s²) causes objects to fall towards the Earth's center.
The term Acceleration itself is key in Newton's second law, Fnet = ma, where ma represents the net force (measured in Newtons) and acceleration experienced by a body of mass m. Time is a variable that affects how long the body is under acceleration, potentially influencing the outcome of the acceleration's effects. Lastly, Energy is a significant factor as it relates to the kinetic and potential energies involved, thereby affecting the overall impact of acceleration on the body.