Final answer:
- Positive reinforcement involves adding something desirable to increase a behavior, while positive punishment involves adding something undesirable to decrease a behavior.
- Operant conditioning techniques in education involve using reinforcements and punishments to modify behavior.
- Skinner made significant contributions to psychology with his research on operant conditioning.
- Real-world examples of operant conditioning can be seen in situations such as employees receiving bonuses or getting parking tickets.
Step-by-step explanation:
In operant conditioning, positive reinforcement involves adding something desirable to increase the likelihood of a behavior, while positive punishment involves adding something undesirable to decrease the likelihood of a behavior. For example, giving a child a sticker for completing homework is positive reinforcement, while giving a detention for talking in class is positive punishment.
Operant conditioning techniques in education involve using reinforcements and punishments to modify behavior. Teachers may use positive reinforcement, such as giving praise or rewards, to encourage desired behaviors, and positive punishment, such as giving extra assignments, to discourage undesirable behaviors.
B.F. Skinner made significant contributions to psychology, particularly in the field of operant conditioning. His research and experiments with animals, like rats in a Skinner box, showed how behavior can be shaped by consequences. Skinner's ideas have been applied to various areas, including education, animal training, and human behavioral modification.
Real-world examples of operant conditioning can be seen in various situations. For instance, employees receiving bonuses for meeting sales targets is an example of positive reinforcement. On the other hand, getting a parking ticket for parking in a restricted area is an example of positive punishment.