Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is a) Radical conflict theory. It explains crime as a result of the unequal distribution of wealth and resources, particularly in capitalist societies, and is based on Marxist ideology.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question refers to the conflict perspective that interprets crime as a result of social and economic inequalities, prominently seen in capitalist societies. The correct answer is a) Radical conflict theory. This theory suggests that the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and resources leads to social conflicts, which fosters criminal behaviors. Radical conflict theory, derived from Marxist ideology, challenges the inequalities perpetuated by the bourgeoisie, or ruling class, and how these power differentials contribute to maintaining the social order that benefits them at the expense of the proletariat, or working class.
Unlike functionalism, which posits that each aspect of society serves a purpose, or symbolic interactionism, which focuses on individual interactions and meanings, radical conflict theory focuses on macro-level analysis of societal structures and the tensions they create. Moreover, conservative conflict theory often underscores the disruption of traditional social structures as leading to crime, rather than systemic inequalities.