Final answer:
The correct answer to the question is 'd. intrusion detection', which refers to a system's capability to notify when someone attempts to access information inappropriately. This is a vital component of an organization's cybersecurity strategy.
Step-by-step explanation:
When the information system notifies you of an inappropriate access attempt, the correct term for this event is d. intrusion detection. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) are designed to monitor networks and systems for any suspicious activity or breaches, which could potentially lead to data breaches if not addressed promptly. This function is a crucial aspect of an organization's cybersecurity defense, helping to protect sensitive information from being compromised. The effectiveness of an IDS can vary depending on various factors, including the volume of traffic and alert level, operator decision accuracy, and system configuration.
Research such as that by Bruno & Abrahão (2012) in human factors psychology shows that an increase in cognitive demand can affect the accuracy of operators in identifying threats. However, it's critical for systems to correctly identify and respond to genuine threats to prevent costly data breaches, such as the one that affected Target in the fall of 2013.