Final answer:
While the passages provided discuss various aspects of historical governments and their leaders' roles, they do not specifically answer the question regarding Marji's grandfather.
Step-by-step explanation:
The passage suggests that political power at a local level could lead to influential positions within the government.
This was seen during Han times when magistrates would recommend individuals for official roles, often choosing from within large influential clans.
These clans held sway over policy and had connections to the imperial family through marriage. The passage implies that people who were recommended and appointed to government positions were typically from these powerful clans, which increased their wealth and influence over the central government.
The question about Marji's grandfather accepting a new government role and studying Western government, society, and industry reflects the transformative period in Japan's history where the government sent officials abroad to learn from the West.
However, the information given does not directly answer the student's specific question about Marji's grandfather.
The rest of the text snippets provide background information about government and society in different historical contexts, from Japanese reformists to Han dynasty China's meritocratic system, but do not directly address the role of Marji's grandfather.