Final answer:
The blastopore develops into the anus in deuterostomes and the mouth in protostomes. Deuterostomes include chordates and echinoderms, which exhibit enterocoelous coelom formation, while protostomes include arthropods, mollusks, and annelids with schizocoelous coelom formation. The correct option is A) In deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus, while in protostomes, it becomes the mouth.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to the fate of the blastopore during the embryonic development of two groups of animals: protostomes and deuterostomes. The correct answer to what the opening of the archenteron (blastopore) leads to in deuterostomes and protostomes is: A) In deuterostomes, the blastopore becomes the anus, while in protostomes, it becomes the mouth.
During embryonic development, the blastopore is the initial opening that connects the gut cavity to the outside of the embryo. In protostomes, which include phyla such as arthropods, mollusks, and annelids, the mouth is formed from the blastopore.
Protostomes exhibit characteristics such as spiral cleavage and schizocoelous coelom formation. In contrast, deuterostomes, including chordates and echinoderms, form the anus from the blastopore, and the mouth develops opposite the blastopore end of the embryo. Deuterostome characteristics encompass radial cleavage and enterocoelous coelom formation.