Final answer:
Equality's new philosophy sees himself as equal to all, adhering to an understanding of equality where all individuals possess the same rights and duties, and a recognition of the importance of communitarianism and egalitarian principles.
Step-by-step explanation:
Equality's new philosophy and understanding about himself in relationship to the rest of mankind is that he views himself as equal to all. This understanding aligns with the common political understanding of equality, where people are treated the same with respect to their beliefs, nationalities, cultures, and backgrounds, possessing the same rights, privileges, and immunities, and being liable to the same duties. Anthropological views and historical perspectives both express the interconnectedness of individuals and the importance of recognizing the Communitarianism, which emphasizes a community-oriented approach rather than highlighting superiority or inferiority among individuals. Equality's enlightenment emboldens him to embrace his right to live and share in the natural rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness, reflecting a philosophy of egalitarianism reminiscent of the sentiments found in the Declaration of Independence and the principles of social justice.