Final answer:
American adherents of Daoism engage in traditional religious practices and community efforts, while American sympathizers appreciate Daoist philosophy and apply concepts like wu wei in a personal, non-religious context.
Step-by-step explanation:
In examining Daoism in America, scholar Thomas Tweed distinguishes between "adherents" and "sympathizers." Adherents of Daoism are likely to engage in more ritualistic and established religious practices associated with Daoism. This could include participating in temple activities, studying and interpreting Daoist texts like the Dao De Jing, and engaging in practices aiming at longevity and harmony with nature, such as meditation or tai chi, which are seen as ways to align with the Dao. They may also be involved in community-building efforts within Daoist establishments and adhere to religious dietary and lifestyle restrictions.
On the other hand, American sympathizers of Daoism might appreciate the philosophical aspects of Daoist teachings without engaging in religious practices. Sympathizers may apply Daoist concepts such as wu wei (non-action or effortless action) to their lives, enjoy Daoist poetry, and admire the naturalistic worldview of Daoism without necessarily participating in formal worship or community. They might also find resonance with the Daoist perspective on nature and practice eco-friendly habits inspired by Daoist thought.
Therefore, while adherents partake in a more disciplined and community-oriented approach to practicing Daoism, sympathizers adopt its philosophical teachings in a more informal and personal context, often integrating them into aspects of their lives without a commitment to the religious practices.