Final answer:
The oxidation of amino acids and fatty acids in eukaryotic cells takes place in the peroxisome, which is the correct answer to the question. Peroxisomes break down these substances and also detoxify poisons, converting hydrogen peroxide produced during oxidation into water and oxygen.
Step-by-step explanation:
In eukaryotic organelles, the oxidation of amino acids and fatty acids occurs primarily in the peroxisome. Peroxisomes are small, round organelles surrounded by a single membrane, and they play a critical role in cellular metabolism. These organelles carry out oxidation reactions that break down both fatty acids and amino acids efficiently.
Additionally, peroxisomes are involved in detoxifying harmful substances that enter the body, such as alcohol in liver cells. During these oxidation processes, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is generated as a byproduct, which could be damaging to cells. However, the enzymes within peroxisomes are able to safely decompose hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, thereby preventing cellular damage. Based on these functions, the correct answer to the question is D. peroxisome.