Final answer:
c) Active transport is the membrane transport mechanism that requires ATP.
Step-by-step explanation:
Active transport is the membrane transport mechanism that requires ATP. Unlike passive transport mechanisms such as simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion, active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient, from an area of lower concentration to an area of higher concentration. This process requires the use of proteins within the cell membrane known as "pumps" that utilize ATP to move the substances. Osmosis, on the other hand, is a type of passive transport that involves the movement of water molecules across a membrane in response to a concentration gradient.