Final answer:
Baltes and Smith (2003) identify three types of influences on human development: normative age-graded, normative history-graded, and non-normative life events.
Step-by-step explanation:
Baltes & Smith (2003) examine three influences on human development: normative age-graded, normative history-graded influences, and non-normative life events. These three components are essential in the study by developmental psychologists to understand the various impacts on a person's growth and progress through life. Normative age-graded influences involve the typical events that occur at certain ages, such as starting school or puberty, which most individuals in a society experience at certain periods in life. Normative history-graded influences relate to events that affect larger populations, such as economic depressions, wars, or technological advancements, and their impact on development. Non-normative life events are unique to the individual and do not follow a predictable timeline, such as unexpected job loss, natural disasters, or other personal life changes that can significantly impact a person's life course and development.