Final answer:
Tissues with high rates of protein turnover include the liver, intestinal mucosa, immune cells, muscle tissues, and bone tissue. These areas require rapid adaptation to changes, growth, or repair and thus have significant protein turnover.
Step-by-step explanation:
In the human body, some tissues exhibit high rates of protein turnover, where proteins are continuously degraded and resynthesized. Notably, the liver is an example of an organ with high protein turnover; liver proteins can have half-lives ranging from 30 minutes to 150 hours. Other examples include the intestinal mucosa, which allows the transport of proteins like immunoglobulins in neonates without eliciting an immune response, and various immune cells that typically have short-lived proteins to quickly adapt to changing conditions in the body. Muscle tissues also have a significant protein turnover, especially because of their role in growth and repair, as well as their requirement for continuous energy supply. Additionally, bone tissue demonstrates high turnover rates, with a significant proportion of bone mass being recycled every week. Proteins are also replaced frequently within cells involved in secretion, such as those with abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). Overall, areas of the body that require rapid adaptation to changes, active growth, frequent repair, or a high metabolic rate tend to have the highest rates of protein turnover. These include but are not limited to liver, muscle, bone, and immune cells.