Final answer:
Translation in eukaryotic cells generally starts at the AUG start codon, which is identified by the ribosome scanning from the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA, following Kozak's rules for consensus sequence.
Step-by-step explanation:
In most full-length clones, translation generally starts at the AUG start codon. For eukaryotic cells, the process begins with the ribosome recognizing the 7-methylguanosine cap at the 5' end of the mRNA.
The ribosome then scans for the AUG start codon, guided by Kozak's rules which specify that the consensus sequence 5'-gccRccAUGG-3' indicated by R being a purine (A or G), should be around the AUG start codon for higher translation efficiency. This consensus sequence helps in distinguishing the correct translation start codon.