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What is used to detect the DNA chains in current Sanger sequencing?

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Final answer:

In Sanger sequencing, DNA chains are detected using dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides. These molecules terminate DNA replication at specific points and are read by a laser scanner after separation by electrophoresis, resulting in a sequence electropherogram.

Step-by-step explanation:

In the context of Sanger sequencing, which is a method of DNA sequencing developed by Frederick Sanger, the detection of DNA chains is accomplished using dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides. These specialized molecules are used in the chain termination method to generate a mixture of DNA fragments that are terminated at each successive nucleotide base. During electrophoresis, DNA fragments are separated based on size. After separation, the DNA fragments pass by a laser that excites the dye labels, allowing a laser scanner to detect the emitted fluorescence and generate an electropherogram. This electropherogram provides a readout of the DNA sequence.

By understanding the principles of chain termination and detection with labeled ddNTPs, it becomes evident that capillary gel electrophoresis and dye-labeled dideoxynucleotides are key components used for the detection of DNA fragments in Sanger sequencing.

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