Final answer:
The highest mountains south of Corsica on the Italian island that straddle the 40th parallel are found in Sardinia. Additionally, Carthage was located on the coast of present-day Tunisia, and the Minoan civilization developed on the Aegean island of Crete.
Step-by-step explanation:
The highest mountains of the Italian island located just south of Corsica and straddling the 40th parallel are on the island of Sardinia (b). This island is second in size to Sicily within the Mediterranean and is known for its rugged terrain and mountainous landscapes. To answer the additional questions, the Phoenician city of Carthage was located on the coast of present-day Tunisia (d), and the Aegean island where Minoan civilization developed is Crete (a).