Final answer:
Carl Linnaeus is the Swedish naturalist who fathered modern taxonomy and proposed the binomial nomenclature system that is still in use. So, the correct answer is option a.
Step-by-step explanation:
The Swedish naturalist who is considered the father of modern taxonomy is Carl Linnaeus. He proposed the system of naming known as binomial nomenclature, which is used globally to this day. Among his many contributions, Linnaeus developed a hierarchical system of classification and introduced the practice of using a two-part Latin naming system for organisms, comprising of a genus name and a species name.
For example, humans are known scientifically as Homo sapiens, and the system that he introduced enables consistent and universal communication about species across different languages and regions.
The correct answer to the student's question is: a) Carl Linnaeus, binomial nomenclature.