Final answer:
Insulin and glucagon are the two primary hormones responsible for maintaining blood glucose levels; insulin lowers high levels and glucagon raises low levels through a negative feedback mechanism.
Step-by-step explanation:
The homeostatic mechanism regarding sugar glucose in the blood involves insulin and glucagon, which are crucial for maintaining blood glucose levels. Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises blood glucose levels when necessary.
When blood glucose levels are high, insulin is released by beta cells of the pancreas, increasing glucose uptake and utilization by target cells, and stimulating the conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage. Conversely, when blood glucose levels are low, glucagon is secreted by alpha cells of the pancreas, facilitating the breakdown of glycogen back into glucose and triggering gluconeogenesis to elevate glucose levels. These hormones operate in a negative feedback loop to maintain blood glucose levels within the normal range.