Final answer:
When a lower-privileged process tries to access restricted memory segments, it can cause a trusted computing base (TCB) failure known as a segmentation fault or segfault. When this happens, the system goes into maintenance mode to prevent further damage. The fault can be fixed by debugging and correcting the program's code.
Step-by-step explanation:
When a trusted computing base (TCB) failure occurs as a result of a lower-privileged process trying to access restricted memory segments, the system goes into maintenance mode. This is known as a segmentation fault or a segfault. A segfault is a type of software error that occurs when a program tries to access a memory location that it is not allowed to access.
Segmentation faults are usually caused by programming errors, such as dereferencing a null pointer or accessing an array beyond its bounds. When a segfault occurs, the operating system interrupts the program and terminates it, putting the system into maintenance mode to prevent further damage.
To fix a segfault, the faulty program needs to be debugged and any memory access errors need to be corrected. The administrator or developer can analyze the program's code, identify the source of the error, and fix it. Rebooting the system or reinstalling the operating system is not necessary in most cases.