Final answer:
The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo on Luzon caused a significant global temperature drop due to the large amount of volcanic materials released into the atmosphere, specifically SO₂ aerosols.
Step-by-step explanation:
The 1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo on Luzon caused the world's temperature to drop by 1 degree due to the materials in the atmosphere. This volcanic event was one of the most significant eruptions of the 20th century. Following the eruption, billions of tons of magma, ash, sulfur dioxide, minerals, and particulates were expelled into the atmosphere, blocking sunlight and consequently reducing global temperatures.
Mount Pinatubo's eruption also coincided with a typhoon, worsening the environmental impact. The combination of ash and torrential rainfall led to hazardous conditions and notable economic damages in the Philippines. Additionally, the eruption ejected significant amounts of SO₂ aerosols into the atmosphere, contributing to a global cooling effect known as haze-effect cooling.