Final answer:
William of Orange was associated with and part of the Stuart dynasty through his marriage to James II's Protestant daughter Mary. They jointly ascended to the English throne during the Glorious Revolution, marking the end of the Stuart rule. The correct answer to the question is a) Stuart.
Step-by-step explanation:
The historical figure in question is William of Orange, who was married to James II's daughter, Mary. The two of them were in line for the throne of England, which they eventually took over during the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689. This event was significant as it not only deposed James II but also ended the rule of the Stuart dynasty after the reign of Queen Anne and subsequently introduced the Hanoverian dynasty to the English throne.
Coming back to the initial question, the answer is a) Stuart. Mary, Queen of Scots, and subsequently William of Orange were associated with the Stuart royal house.
True, William of Orange, despite being married to James II's daughter, was indeed in line for the throne of England. The Glorious Revolution saw him ascend to the throne with his wife, marking a significant shift in English history and the establishment of a constitutional monarchy.