Final answer:
The correct terms for the high, middle, and low parts of an instrument's range are treble, midrange, and bass respectively. These terms represent the general pitch ranges across different instruments and musical contexts.
Step-by-step explanation:
Instrumental Range Terms
The high, middle, and low parts of an instrument's range are called different names based on their pitch and role in the musical texture. The correct answer to the student's question is: B) High is called "treble," middle is called "midrange," and low is called "bass." These terms relate to the general range and are commonly used across various instruments and musical contexts.
The term "soprano" typically applies to vocal ranges, and while "alto" and "tenor" can refer to both vocal and instrumental ranges, they are not specifically middle range identifiers. "Forte," "mezzo," and "piano" are dynamic markings indicating loudness, not pitch ranges. The terms "melody," "harmony," and "rhythm" refer to different components of music, not pitch ranges.
The unique tonal characteristics of instruments are due to their timbre, which is shaped by the combination of fundamental frequencies and overtones produced by the instrument. The perception of frequency is known as pitch, which allows us to differentiate between notes like middle C on a trumpet and a clarinet. The distinct sound produced by each instrument is thanks to the particular mix of fundamental and overtone frequencies, creating their unique tone quality.