Final answer:
Passing on the right shoulder of the road is prohibited as it poses significant safety risks and is not an expected maneuver by other road users. Traffic laws are designed to protect all parties involved and ensure predictable traffic flow.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question pertains to traffic laws regarding when it is acceptable to pass on the right shoulder of the road. The options provided suggest various scenarios where one might consider this maneuver. The correct answer to when you may pass on the right shoulder of the road is 'd) Never.' Passing on the right, especially on the shoulder, is generally prohibited due to safety concerns. It is unsafe because it is unexpected by other drivers and there may be hazards on the shoulder. Traffic laws are designed to enhance road safety and are enforced to ensure that all road users, including drivers, pedestrians, and cyclists, are protected. These laws prohibit practices such as passing on the right shoulder to prevent potential accidents and ensure a predictable flow of traffic.