Final answer:
Sex murderers and lust murderers differ in their motivations, with the latter being more specifically driven by sexual gratification. Sociologists associate sexuality with biological factors among other influences. The LibreTexts excerpt discusses the morality and deterrence of capital punishment.
Step-by-step explanation:
The question concerning the difference between sex murderers and lust murderers touches on a complex aspect of criminal psychology and behavior. While both terms may seem similar, they refer to different motivations and patterns in violent crimes. Sex murderers may have a variety of motivations for killing that are sexual in nature, whereas lust murderers are a specific subset characterized by a compulsion to kill that is primarily fueled by sexual gratification. This is often accompanied by acts that are particularly violent, and these murderers may engage in post-mortem acts with their victims. The choice of victims, modus operandi, criminal intent, and level of psychopathy can vary significantly between sex murderers and lust murderers, though lust murderers are often driven by a deeper psychopathology.
Answering the multiple-choice question directly, c. biological factors are associated with sexuality by sociologists alongside other psychological and social factors. As for the LibreTexts reference, the discussion presents a contrast between the ideas of morality in the context of capital punishment and its deterrent effect. It argues that while some believe in capital punishment as a way to reduce murder rates, it is important to consider actual data and psychological studies to validate such assumptions.