Final answer:
The disciples returned to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives after Jesus' ascension. The Holy Sepulchre is particularly important to Christians as it represents the site of Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. Despite Roman persecution, Jesus' disciples played a crucial role in spreading Christianity.
Step-by-step explanation:
The individuals who returned to Jerusalem from the hill called the Mount of Olives were b) The disciples. They were the original followers of Jesus who spread his messages after his crucifixion and resurrection. The return of Jesus' disciples to Jerusalem from the Mount of Olives is a significant event in Christian history, as it marks the moment after Jesus is said to have ascended into heaven. Considering the context of the information provided and understanding the historical and religious significance of the Mount of Olives, this location is especially important in Christianity.
The site in Jerusalem of particular importance to Christians is a) The Holy Sepulchre, believed to be the place of Jesus' crucifixion and resurrection. The Roman Empire, at its height, saw the rise of Jesus of Nazareth's teachings, which led to the spread of Christianity despite the initial Roman persecution.
Referencing the Jewish leadership's internal divisions, it is worth noting that after the death of Jesus, it was his disciples and apostles who continued to preach and spread the message of Christianity which eventually led to its establishment as a prominent religion.