Final answer:
The term for the state of the atmosphere in terms of various atmospheric conditions like temperature and precipitation over a long period is Climate (B).
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that refers to the state of the atmosphere as measured in terms of temperature, humidity, precipitation, and storm systems is B) Climate.
Climate is the long-term average weather pattern that can be observed in a specific region. Unlike weather, which can change day-to-day, climate is the statistical summary of atmospheric conditions over long periods. Factors such as elevation, latitude, wind systems, and ocean currents all influence the distribution of climate regions.