Final answer:
The correct term for weather and atmospheric conditions measured over long periods is Climate. It represents predictable, long-term patterns in an area's atmospheric conditions, as opposed to short-term weather changes. The correct option is A.
Step-by-step explanation:
The term that describes weather and atmospheric conditions measured over a long period of time is Climate (A). Climate refers to the long-term, predictable atmospheric conditions of a specific area, characterized by consistent seasonal temperature and rainfall ranges.
It is not a short-term phenomenon like weather, which refers to the conditions of the atmosphere during a short period of time.
Climatology is the study of climate, which uses atmospheric data to analyze averaged weather conditions over significant periods such as decades, centuries, and even millennia.
In contrast, Meteorology focuses on short-term weather patterns and forecasting. Atmospheric science combines elements of both meteorology and climatology, as well as other scientific disciplines that study the atmosphere. The correct option is A.